🌐 Other languages: English 日本語

Have you ever run into this situation while using the ΔΔCt method for qPCR analysis—your control group’s mean expression value isn’t exactly 1? What did you do? Did you quietly normalize the ΔΔCt results again just to force the control group’s mean back to 1? And have you ever wondered whether this “sneaky extra normalization” is actually valid, or if you’ve been doing something questionable all along?

Well, in this blog post, we’re going to get to the bottom of it—is this secondary normalization mathematically justified, or is it just a placebo for our inner perfectionist? Let’s find out.

This document explains how we calculate the contribution score for BSGOU (Bioinformatics Study Group in Okayama University) members. It is designed to fairly distribute recognition or shared resources (e.g., donations) based on actual contributions, while being robust against gaming by spammy commits or shallow participation.

Some things in this world just don’t make sense—no matter how you slice it. Take the zebrafish, for example. A tiny, transparent freeloader that wouldn’t even pick it as bait, much less any fishing dude’s Instagram story. And yet—somehow—it ended up becoming a pillar of modern life sciences. Yeah, I know. It sounds ridiculous. So, how did this happen? Let’s rewind.

1. A Tiny Life, Barely Noticed

Do you know where zebrafish originally come from?

I made a silly story this week…

🌐 Other languages: English 日本語中文

1. Background

RNA modifications are well-documented contributors to post-transcriptional regulation. Among them, glycoRNAs—RNAs conjugated with glycans—are a recently described and poorly understood class of biomolecules. Initial evidence for their existence was reported in 2021 by Flynn et al., who detected glycosylated small RNAs (Ryan, et al., Cell, 2021). However, due to a lack of suitable imaging methods, their precise cellular distribution and potential functional roles remained unclear.

To address this, Ma et al. (Yuan Ma, et al., Nat Biotechnol, 2024) developed an in situ imaging method termed ARPLA (Aptamer and RNA in situ hybridization-mediated Proximity Ligation Assay). This method aims to detect glycoRNAs with high spatial resolution, selectivity, and sequence specificity.

Presentation1